REST API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) testing is a type of software testing focused on verifying the functionality, performance, and reliability of RESTful web services. It involves sending HTTP requests to API endpoints, validating HTTP responses, and verifying that the API behaves as expected according to its specifications (e.g., OpenAPI/Swagger). REST API testing tools and frameworks such as Postman, REST Assured, and JMeter are commonly used to automate API testing and ensure API quality and compliance.